It is said that human civilization sparked to life with the discovery of fire. The discovery and manipulation of fire by early men was a point of cultural advancement in human evolution where they had the means to cook food, heat their bodies and gain protection from the wilderness. Closer to the modern...

Tropical rainforests are widely recognized as the most biodiverse ecosystem in the world. Tropical rainforests are remarkable in terms of both forest structure and biodiversity. They play a vital role in global climate regulation, carbon sequestration, biological conservation, and timber production....

Timber is often regarded as one of the most sustainable and environment friendly material available to mankind. Since it can be harvested and regenerated on a continuous cycle, it is considered renewable. As a product of nature, timber is safe, non-toxic, and ages naturally, which does not damage the...

Forests, especially in tropical and subtropical regions such as Malaysia, face threats from deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation; these threats affect both the potential for carbon sequestration and the services of ecosystems that depend on other biodiversity. Photosynthesis in plants will convert...

Conservation is a form of human exertion. It was started by humans, devised by humans, and envisioned to change human behavior (Mascia et al., 2003).


In a vital piece of environmental essay, Schultz (2011) stressed that conservation simply means behavior, and conservation goals can only...